No edit summary |
(removed copy of external page, made stub and added link to external article.) Tags: Visual edit apiedit |
||
| (8 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| + | {{Stub}}Please help by writing an article about sustainable design. Here is an article from another site; there's no need to copy it here! Statemaster.com - [http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Sustainable-design Sustainable Design]. |
||
| − | '''Sustainable design''' (also referred to as "'''green design'''", '''"eco-design'''", or "'''design for environment'''") is the art of designing physical objects and the built environment to comply with the principles of [[Economic sustainability|economic]], [[Social sustainability|social]], and [[Ecological sustainability|ecological]] [[sustainability]]. It ranges from the microcosm of designing small objects for everyday use, through to the macrocosm of designing buildings, cities, and the earth's physical surface. It is a growing trend within the fields of [[Sustainable Architecture|architecture]], [[Landscape Architecture|landscape architecture]], [[Sustainable Urban Design|urban design]], [[Urban Planning|urban planning]], [[Sustainability in Engineering|engineering]], [[Sustainable Graphic Design|graphic design]], [[Sustainable Industrial Design|industrial design]], [[Sustainable Interior Design|interior design]] and [[Sustainable fashion|fashion design]]. |
||
| − | |||
| − | The needed aim of sustainable design is to produce places, products and services in a way that reduces use of [[non-renewable resources]], minimizes environmental impact, and relates people with the natural environment. Sustainable design is often viewed as a necessary tool for achieving [[sustainability]]. It is related to the more heavy-industry-focused fields of [[industrial ecology]] and [[green chemistry]], sharing tools such as [[life cycle assessment]] and [[life cycle energy analysis]] to judge the environmental impact or "greenness" of various design choices. |
||
| − | |||
| − | ==Principles of sustainable design== |
||
| − | While the practical application varies among disciplines, some common principles are as follows: |
||
| − | * '''Low-impact materials''': choose non-[[toxic]], sustainably-produced or [[recycled]] materials which require little energy to process |
||
| − | * '''[[Energy efficiency]]''': use manufacturing processes and produce products which require less energy |
||
| − | * '''Quality and durability''': longer-lasting and better-functioning products will have to be replaced less frequently, reducing the impacts of producing replacements |
||
| − | * '''Design for reuse and [[recycling]]''': "Products, processes, and systems should be designed for performance in a commercial 'afterlife'."<ref>Anastas, P. L. and Zimmerman, J. B. (2003). "Through the 12 principles of green engineering". Environmental Science and Technology. March 1. 95-101A.</ref> |
||
| − | * [[Design Impact Measures]] for total earth footprint and life-cycle assessment for any resource use are increasingly required and available. Many are complex, but some give a quick and accurate whole earth estimates of impacts. One is estimating any spending as consuming an average economic share of global energy use as 8000btu/$ and CO2 production of .57kgCO2/$ (1995$) from DOE figures. <ref>[http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/carbonemiss/chapter1.html] US DOE 20 yr Global Product & Energy Study.</ref> |
||
| − | * [[Sustainable Design Standards]] and project [http://www.revedesign.com/retail.html retail interior design ] guides and also increasingly available and vigorously being developed originated by wide array private and organizations and individuas. There is also a large body of new methods emerging from the rapid development of what has become known as 'sustainability science' promoted by a wide variety of educational and governmental institutions. |
||
| − | * '''[[Biomimicry]]''': "redesigning industrial systems on biological lines ... enabling the constant reuse of materials in continuous closed cycles..."<ref>Paul Hawken, Amory B. Lovins, and L. Hunter Lovins (1999). Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution. Little, Brown.</ref> |
||
| − | * '''Service substitution''': shifting the mode of consumption from personal ownership of products to provision of services which provide similar functions, e.g. from a private automobile to a [[carsharing]] service. Such a system promotes minimal resource use per unit of consumption (e.g., per trip driven).<ref>Ryan, Chris (2006). "Dematerializing Consumption through Service Substitution is a Design Challenge". Journal of Industrial Ecology. 4(1).</ref> |
||
| − | * '''Renewability''': materials should come from nearby (local or bioregional), sustainably-managed renewable sources that can be composted (or fed to livestock) when their usefulness has been exhausted. |
||
| − | * '''Healthy Buildings''': sustainable building design aims to create buildings that are not harmful to their occupants nor to the larger environment. An important emphasis is on indoor environmental quality, especially indoor air quality. <ref>Levin, Hal (1995). "Building Ecology: An architect's perspective on Healthy Buildings." Proceedings of Healthy Buildings '95. Accessed at [http://buildingecology.com/article.php Articles on Building Ecology web site].</ref> |
||
| − | |||
| − | ==Sustainable architecture== |
||
| − | {{main|Sustainable architecture}} |
||
| − | Sustainable architecture is the design of [[sustainable building]]s. Sustainable architecture attempts to reduce the collective environmental impacts during the production of building components, during the construction process, as well as during the [[lifecycle]] of the building (heating, electricity use, carpet cleaning etc) This design practice emphasizes efficiency of heating and cooling systems, [[alternative energy]] sources such as [[passive solar]], appropriate building siting, reused or recycled building materials, on-site power generation (solar technology, ground source heat pumps, wind power), [[rainwater harvesting]] for gardening and washing, and on-site [[waste management]] such as [[green roofs]] that filter and control stormwater runoff. Sustainable architects design with [[sustainable living]] in mind.<ref> Holm, Ivar (2006). ''Ideas and Beliefs in Architecture and Industrial design: How attitudes, orientations, and underlying assumptions shape the built environment''. Oslo School of Architecture and Design. ISBN 8254701741.</ref> |
||
| − | |||
| − | ==Sustainable landscape architecture== |
||
| − | {{main|Sustainable landscape architecture}} |
||
| − | '''Sustainable landscape architecture''' is a category of sustainable design concerned with the planning and design of outdoor space. Design techniques planting trees to shade buildings from the sun or protect them from wind, using local materials, on-site composting and chipping to reduce greenwaste hauling, and also may involve using drought-resistant plantings in arid areas ([[xeriscaping]])and buying stock from local growers to avoid energy use in transportation. |
||
| − | guifrhfhvufhgfjhfukucv |
||
| − | |||
| − | ==Sustainable graphic design== |
||
| − | {{main|Sustainable graphic design}} |
||
| − | '''Sustainable graphic design''' considers the environmental impacts of [[graphic design]] products (such as packaging, printed materials, publications, etc.) throughout a life cycle that includes: raw material; transformation; manufacturing; transportation; use; and disposal. Techniques for sustainable graphic design include: reducing the amount of materials required for production; using paper and materials made with recycled, post-consumer waste; printing with low-VOC inks; and using production and distribution methods that require the least amount of transport. |
||
| − | |||
| − | ==Other examples of sustainable design== |
||
| − | [[Image:WindProp.jpg|thumb|100px|A wind turbine]] |
||
| − | |||
| − | ===Agriculture=== |
||
| − | There are strenuous discussions - among others by the [[Impact of Agriculture on the Environment|agricultural]] sector and authorities - if existing pesticide protocols and methods of [[soil conservation]] adequately protect [[topsoil]] and [[wildlife]]. Doubt has risen if these are sustainable, and if [[organic gardening|agrarian reforms]] would permit an efficient [[Impact of Agriculture on the Environment|agriculture]] with fewer pesticides, therefore reducing the damage to the [[ecosystem]]. |
||
| − | |||
| − | ===Domestic machinery=== |
||
| − | [[Automobile]]s and [[appliance]]s can be designed for repair and disassembly (for recycling), and constructed from recyclable materials such as steel, aluminum and glass, and renewable materials, such as [[Zelfo]], [[wood]] and plastics from natural feedstocks. Careful selection of materials and manufacturing processes can often create products comparable in price and performance to non-sustainable products. Even mild design efforts can greatly increase the sustainable content of manufactured items. |
||
| − | |||
| − | ===Disposable products=== |
||
| − | Detergents, newspapers and other disposable items can be designed to decompose, in the presence of air, [[water]] and common soil organisms. The current challenge in this area is to design such items in attractive colors, at costs as low as competing items. Since most such items end up in [[landfill]]s, protected from air and [[water]], the utility of such disposable products is debated. |
||
| − | |||
| − | ==Terminology== |
||
| − | In some countries the term ''sustainable design'' is known as [[Ecodesign]], [[green design]] or [[environmental design]]. Ecodesign as meant by [[Victor Papanek]], did include [[social design]] and social aspects. Over the past years the terms ''sustainable design'' and ''design for sustainability'' - besides other new terms - became more accepted globally, including the [[triple bottom line]] (people, planet and profit). |
||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | === Organizations === |
||
| − | * [[o2 Global Network]] |
||
| − | * [[Worldchanging]] |
||
| − | * [[Ecolect]] |
||
| − | * [[Green Map]] System |
||
| − | * [[Keyline Design]] |
||
| − | * [[EC3 Global]] |
||
| − | * [[United States Green Building Council]] |
||
| − | * [[renourish]] |
||
[[Category:Sustainable Business Practices]] |
[[Category:Sustainable Business Practices]] |
||
| + | [[Category:Sustainability]] |
||
Latest revision as of 09:55, 3 April 2015
- Please help by writing an article about sustainable design. Here is an article from another site; there's no need to copy it here! Statemaster.com - Sustainable Design.